A centrifugal pump is a mechanical device that moves fluids by converting rotational energy (from an impeller) into kinetic energy (fluid motion) and then into pressure energy to push the fluid through a piping system.
"Centrifugal" refers to the outward force created by the spinning impeller, which flings fluid away from the center.
Unlike positive displacement pumps (which trap and push fluid), centrifugal pumps rely on fluid momentum for movement.
Impeller Spins → Driven by a motor, the impeller rotates at high speed.
Fluid is Thrown Outward → Centrifugal force pushes liquid toward the casing.
Pressure Builds in Volute → The spiral-shaped casing slows the fluid, converting speed into pressure.
Fluid Exits Discharge → High-pressure liquid flows out while new fluid is drawn in at the suction side.
From Latin "centrum" (center) + "fugere" (to flee) → "Fleeing from the center."
The impeller’s rotation creates an outward force, mimicking the effect of spinning a bucket of water—the water moves outward due to inertia.
✔ Handles Low-Viscosity Fluids (water, oils, chemicals)
✔ High Flow Rates, Moderate Pressure
✔ Simple Design, Low Maintenance
✖ Not for Thick Fluids (e.g., honey, sludge)
✖ Requires Priming (unless self-priming)
Water Supply (Homes, irrigation)
Industrial Cooling Systems
Fuel Transfer (Gasoline, diesel)
Wastewater Treatment
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