Centrifugal pumps come in various designs, each optimized for specific flow rates, pressures, and fluid types. Below is a detailed breakdown of the main types, their working principles, and typical uses.
Design: Spiral-shaped casing (volute) gradually expands to convert kinetic energy into pressure.
Advantages: Simple, cost-effective, handles high flow rates.
Applications: Water supply, HVAC, general industrial use.
Design: Uses stationary diffuser vanes around the impeller for smoother energy transfer.
Advantages: Higher efficiency than volute pumps, less radial thrust.
Applications: High-pressure services (e.g., boiler feed, oil refining).
Design: Vanes enclosed between two shrouds.
Advantages: High efficiency, minimal recirculation.
Applications: Clean liquids (water, chemicals).
Design: One shroud, open on the back side.
Advantages: Handles small solids, easier to clean.
Applications: Slurries, wastewater.
Design: No shrouds, vanes fully exposed.
Advantages: Handles large solids, resistant to clogging.
Applications: Sewage, pulp, and abrasive fluids.
Design: Fluid exits perpendicular to the shaft (90°).
Advantages: High head, low-to-medium flow.
Applications: High-pressure systems (e.g., firefighting, reverse osmosis).
Design: Diagonal flow (between radial and axial).
Advantages: Medium head & flow.
Applications: Irrigation, flood control.
Design: Fluid flows parallel to the shaft (propeller-like).
Advantages: Very high flow, low head.
Applications: Drainage, stormwater management.
Design: One impeller.
Advantages: Compact, low cost.
Applications: Low-to-medium pressure (e.g., water transfer).
Design: Multiple impellers in series.
Advantages: High pressure capability.
Applications: Boiler feed, high-pressure washing.
| Type | Key Feature | Applications |
|---|---|---|
| Self-Priming Pump | Removes air automatically | Drainage, sewage |
| Submersible Pump | Motor & pump operate underwater | Wells, sumps, wastewater |
| Magnetic Drive Pump | No mechanical seal (leak-proof) | Hazardous chemicals, acids |
| Sanitary Pump | Polished surfaces, CIP-compatible | Food, pharmaceuticals, dairy |
| Slurry Pump | Heavy-duty, abrasion-resistant | Mining, sand handling |
| Parameter | Recommended Pump Type |
|---|---|
| High Flow, Low Head | Axial flow |
| High Pressure | Multistage radial |
| Solids Handling | Open/semi-open impeller |
| Corrosive Fluids | Stainless steel/magnetic drive |
| Hygienic Use | Sanitary (3A/FDA-compliant) |
Centrifugal pumps vary widely in design to suit different flow rates, pressures, and fluid types. Key takeaways:
Volute pumps = General purpose
Multistage pumps = High pressure
Open impellers = Slurries/solids
Axial flow = High volume, low head
Need help selecting the right pump for your application? Ask for recommendations!
The above content is compiled and published by Zhilong Drum Pump supplier, please specify, to buy oil drum pump, electric drum pump, high viscosity electric drum pump, fuel drum pump, food grade drum pump and so on, please contact us.