Centrifugal pumps are classified based on design, application, and construction. Here are the main types of centrifugal pumps:
Most common type, with a spiral-shaped casing that increases flow velocity.
Used in water supply, sewage, and industrial applications.
Uses stationary diffuser vanes around the impeller for smoother flow.
Higher efficiency than volute pumps; common in high-pressure applications.
No front or back shroud; handles liquids with solids (e.g., sewage, slurry).
Less efficient but resistant to clogging.
Has a back shroud but open on one side.
Balances efficiency and solids handling (e.g., wastewater).
Fully enclosed impeller for clean liquids (e.g., water, chemicals).
Most efficient but clogs easily with solids.
Creates a whirlpool effect to pass large solids without clogging.
Used in wastewater and sludge pumping.
One impeller; used for low-to-medium pressure applications.
Multiple impellers in series for high-pressure applications (e.g., boiler feed, high-rise water supply).
Shaft mounted horizontally; easy maintenance (most common type).
Shaft mounted vertically; saves space (e.g., deep well pumps, sump pumps).
Inlet and outlet at 90°; common in HVAC, irrigation, and industrial uses.
Casing splits horizontally for easy maintenance; used in large water systems.
Can evacuate air and prime itself without external help (e.g., drainage, sewage).
Operates underwater (e.g., borewell, sewage, dredging).
Handles abrasive mixtures (e.g., mining, dredging).
Complies with API 610 standards for oil, gas, and refinery use.
Handles extremely cold liquids (e.g., LNG, liquid nitrogen).
Sealless design for hazardous/leak-sensitive fluids (e.g., acids, chemicals).
Close-Coupled Pump (Motor & pump share a shaft).
Frame-Mounted Pump (Separate motor & pump with coupling).
| Type | Best For | Not Suitable For |
|---|---|---|
| Closed Impeller | Clean water, high efficiency | Solids, sludge |
| Open Impeller | Slurries, sewage | High-efficiency needs |
| Multistage | High-pressure systems | Low-pressure applications |
| Submersible | Wells, drainage | Dry installation |
| Slurry Pump | Mining, abrasive fluids | Clean liquids |
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