Cavitation in Centrifugal Pumps
Cavitation is the formation and subsequent collapse of vapor bubbles (or cavities) within a liquid due to local pressure dropping below the liquid's vapor pressure. In centrifugal pumps, this typically occurs when the pressure at the pump's inlet (suction side) is too low, causing the liquid to vaporize momentarily. When these bubbles move to higher-pressure regions (e.g., the impeller discharge), they implode violently, leading to:
Damage – Pitting and erosion of impeller blades, pump casing, and other components.
Noise & Vibration – Audible knocking or rattling sounds due to bubble collapse.
Performance Loss – Reduced flow rate, head (pressure), and efficiency.
Low NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head Available – NPSHA) – Insufficient pressure at the pump inlet.
High Pump Speed or Flow Rate – Increases pressure drop at the suction side.
Clogged Filters/Strainers – Restricts flow, lowering inlet pressure.
Elevated Liquid Temperature – Raises vapor pressure, increasing cavitation risk.
✔ Ensure NPSHA > NPSHR (Net Positive Suction Head Required by the pump).
✔ Reduce pump speed or trim the impeller if needed.
✔ Use an inducer or booster pump to increase suction pressure.
✔ Maintain clean suction lines and proper pipe sizing.
Cavitation significantly shortens pump lifespan and must be avoided for optimal operation.
The above content is compiled and published by Zhilong Drum Pump supplier, please specify, to buy oil drum pump, electric drum pump, high viscosity electric drum pump, fuel drum pump, food grade drum pump and so on, please contact us.